The Quran is the final revelation from Allah, conveyed in classical Arabic to the Prophet Muhammad over approximately twenty-three years, and it serves as the comprehensive guide for faith, worship, and conduct for humankind. It comprises 114 chapters (surahs) of varying length, revealed within Medina and Mecca, and its verses (ayahs) address matters of belief, morality, law, and guidance for personal and communal life; its language is the unaltered speech of Allah, preserved through meticulous memorization and written records. The Prophet’s companion Jibriel (Gabriel) is described as the angel who conveyed the revelations, and the Sunnah, the practices and teachings of the Prophet, expands on its application, explanation, and implementation. The Quran is traditionally immutable and complete, with scholars noting its preservation through continuous mutawatir transmission and the standardization of the written text in the early Islamic period. It confirms previous revealed scriptures in essence while superseding their particular legislations, providing universal guidance until the end of time and offering lawful and unlawful rulings, ethical norms, and narratives that illustrate lessons for personal piety and social justice.
